Dukansu SoC (Tsarin kan Chip) da SiP (Tsarin cikin Kunshin) sune mahimman ci gaba a cikin ci gaban haɗaɗɗun da'irori na zamani, yana ba da damar ƙarami, inganci, da haɗin tsarin lantarki.
1. Ma'anoni da Ka'idoji na asali na SoC da SiP
SoC (Tsarin akan Chip) - Haɗa tsarin gaba ɗaya zuwa guntu ɗaya
SoC yana kama da skyscraper, inda aka kera duk kayan aikin aiki kuma an haɗa su cikin guntu na jiki iri ɗaya. Babban ra'ayin SoC shine haɗa dukkan mahimman abubuwan da ke cikin tsarin lantarki, gami da processor (CPU), ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, tsarin sadarwa, da'irori na analog, mu'amalar firikwensin, da sauran nau'ikan kayan aiki daban-daban, akan guntu ɗaya. Amfanin SoC yana cikin babban matakin haɗin kai da ƙananan girmansa, yana ba da fa'idodi masu mahimmanci a cikin aiki, amfani da wutar lantarki, da girma, yana mai da shi musamman dacewa da manyan ayyuka, samfuran masu ƙarfi. Na'urori masu sarrafawa a cikin wayoyin hannu na Apple misalai ne na kwakwalwan kwamfuta na SoC.
Alal misali, SoC yana kama da "super gini" a cikin birni, inda aka tsara dukkan ayyuka a ciki, kuma nau'ikan kayan aiki daban-daban suna kama da benaye daban-daban: wasu wuraren ofis (masu sarrafawa), wasu wuraren nishaɗi ne ( ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya), wasu kuma hanyoyin sadarwar sadarwa (musamman hanyoyin sadarwa), duk sun tattara cikin gini guda (guntu). Wannan yana bawa tsarin duka damar yin aiki akan guntun silicon guda ɗaya, yana samun ingantaccen inganci da aiki.
SiP (Tsarin cikin Kunshin) - Haɗa kwakwalwan kwamfuta daban-daban tare
Hanyar fasahar SiP ta bambanta. Ya fi kama da tattara kwakwalwan kwamfuta da yawa tare da ayyuka daban-daban a cikin fakitin jiki iri ɗaya. Yana mai da hankali kan haɗa kwakwalwan kwamfuta masu aiki da yawa ta hanyar fasahar marufi maimakon haɗa su cikin guntu ɗaya kamar SoC. SiP yana ba da damar kwakwalwan kwamfuta da yawa (na'urori masu sarrafawa, ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, guntun RF, da sauransu) don haɗa su gefe da gefe ko kuma a tara su a cikin nau'i ɗaya, suna samar da mafita na matakin-tsari.
Za a iya kwatanta manufar SiP da haɗa akwatin kayan aiki. Akwatin kayan aiki na iya ƙunsar kayan aiki daban-daban, kamar sukuwa, guduma, da drills. Kodayake kayan aiki ne masu zaman kansu, duk an haɗa su a cikin akwati ɗaya don dacewa da amfani. Amfanin wannan hanyar ita ce, ana iya haɓaka kowane kayan aiki da kuma samar da su daban, kuma ana iya "hada su" a cikin kunshin tsarin kamar yadda ake buƙata, samar da sassauci da sauri.
2. Halayen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance tsakanin SoC da SiP
Bambance-bambancen Hanyar Haɗawa:
SoC: Kayan aiki daban-daban (kamar CPU, ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, I/O, da sauransu) an ƙera su kai tsaye akan guntun silicon guda ɗaya. Duk samfuran suna raba tsari iri ɗaya da dabaru na ƙira, suna samar da tsarin haɗin gwiwa.
SiP: Ana iya kera kwakwalwan kwamfuta daban-daban na aiki ta amfani da matakai daban-daban sannan a haɗa su a cikin marufi guda ɗaya ta amfani da fasahar marufi na 3D don samar da tsarin jiki.
Ƙirƙirar ƙira da sassauci:
SoC: Tun da duk nau'ikan suna haɗawa akan guntu guda ɗaya, ƙirar ƙira tana da girma sosai, musamman don ƙirar haɗin gwiwar nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan dijital kamar dijital, analog, RF, da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya. Wannan yana buƙatar injiniyoyi su sami zurfin ƙirar yanki mai zurfi. Haka kuma, idan akwai batun ƙira tare da kowane nau'i a cikin SoC, gabaɗayan guntu na iya buƙatar sake fasalin su, wanda ke haifar da babban haɗari.
SiP: Sabanin haka, SiP yana ba da sassaucin ƙira mafi girma. Za'a iya ƙirƙira da tantance kayan aiki daban-daban kafin a haɗa su cikin tsari. Idan matsala ta taso tare da module, wannan module ɗin kawai yana buƙatar maye gurbinsa, barin sauran sassan ba a shafa ba. Wannan kuma yana ba da damar saurin haɓaka haɓaka da ƙananan haɗari idan aka kwatanta da SoC.
Daidaituwar Tsari da Kalubale:
SoC: Haɗa ayyuka daban-daban kamar dijital, analog, da RF akan guntu guda ɗaya yana fuskantar ƙalubale masu mahimmanci a cikin daidaituwar tsari. Kayan aiki daban-daban suna buƙatar matakai daban-daban na masana'antu; misali, da'irori na dijital suna buƙatar matakai masu sauri, ƙananan ƙarfi, yayin da na'urorin analog na iya buƙatar ƙarin madaidaicin sarrafa wutar lantarki. Samun dacewa tsakanin waɗannan matakai daban-daban akan guntu ɗaya yana da matuƙar wahala.
SiP: Ta hanyar fasahar marufi, SiP na iya haɗa kwakwalwan kwamfuta da aka ƙera ta amfani da matakai daban-daban, warware matsalolin daidaita tsarin da fasahar SoC ke fuskanta. SiP yana ba da damar kwakwalwan kwamfuta iri-iri don yin aiki tare a cikin fakiti ɗaya, amma ainihin buƙatun fasahar marufi suna da girma.
Zagayowar R&D da Farashin:
SoC: Tunda SoC na buƙatar ƙira da tabbatar da duk kayayyaki daga karce, zagayowar ƙira ya fi tsayi. Kowane tsari dole ne ya sha tsattsauran ƙira, tabbatarwa, da gwaji, kuma tsarin haɓaka gabaɗaya na iya ɗaukar shekaru da yawa, yana haifar da tsada mai tsada. Duk da haka, sau ɗaya a cikin samar da yawa, farashin naúrar ya ragu saboda babban haɗin kai.
SiP: Zagayen R&D ya fi guntu don SiP. Saboda SiP kai tsaye yana amfani da ɓangarorin da ke akwai, ingantattun kwakwalwan kwamfuta don marufi, yana rage lokacin da ake buƙata don sake fasalin tsarin. Wannan yana ba da damar ƙaddamar da samfur da sauri kuma yana rage ƙimar R&D sosai.
Aiki da Girman Tsarin:
SoC: Tun da duk samfuran suna kan guntu ɗaya, jinkirin sadarwa, asarar makamashi, da tsangwama sigina an rage su, yana ba SoC fa'ida mara misaltuwa cikin aiki da amfani da wutar lantarki. Girmansa kadan ne, yana mai da shi dacewa musamman don aikace-aikace tare da babban aiki da buƙatun wutar lantarki, kamar wayoyin hannu da guntu masu sarrafa hoto.
SiP: Ko da yake matakin haɗin gwiwar SiP bai kai na SoC ba, har yanzu yana iya haɗa kwakwalwan kwamfuta daban-daban tare ta amfani da fasahar marufi da yawa, yana haifar da ƙaramin girma idan aka kwatanta da mafitacin guntu da yawa na gargajiya. Bugu da ƙari, tun da na'urorin suna kunshe da jiki maimakon haɗa su akan guntun silicon guda ɗaya, yayin da aikin bazai yi daidai da na SoC ba, har yanzu yana iya biyan bukatun yawancin aikace-aikace.
3. Yanayin aikace-aikacen SoC da SiP
Yanayin aikace-aikacen SoC:
SoC yawanci ya dace da filayen da ke da manyan buƙatu don girma, amfani da wutar lantarki, da aiki. Misali:
Wayoyin hannu: Na'urori masu sarrafawa a cikin wayowin komai da ruwan (kamar Apple's A-series chips ko Qualcomm's Snapdragon) yawanci haɗe-haɗe ne SoCs waɗanda ke haɗa CPU, GPU, rukunin sarrafa AI, samfuran sadarwa, da sauransu, suna buƙatar aiki mai ƙarfi da ƙarancin amfani.
Sarrafa Hoto: A cikin kyamarorin dijital da jirage marasa matuki, rukunin sarrafa hoto galibi suna buƙatar ƙarfin aiki mai ƙarfi da ƙarancin latency, wanda SoC zai iya cimma daidai gwargwado.
Tsare-tsaren Haɓakawa Mai Girma: SoC ya dace musamman ga ƙananan na'urori tare da ƙaƙƙarfan buƙatun ingantaccen kuzari, kamar na'urorin IoT da wearables.
Yanayin aikace-aikacen don SiP:
SiP yana da faffadan yanayin yanayin aikace-aikacen, wanda ya dace da filayen da ke buƙatar haɓaka cikin sauri da haɗakar ayyuka da yawa, kamar:
Kayan aikin Sadarwa: Don tashoshin tushe, masu amfani da hanyoyin sadarwa, da sauransu, SiP na iya haɗa RF da yawa da na'urori masu sarrafa siginar dijital, yana haɓaka zagayowar ci gaban samfur.
Kayan Wutar Lantarki na Mabukaci: Don samfuran kamar smartwatches da naúrar kai na Bluetooth, waɗanda ke da saurin haɓaka haɓakawa, fasahar SiP tana ba da damar ƙaddamar da sabbin samfura cikin sauri.
Kayan Wutar Lantarki na Mota: Na'urori masu sarrafawa da tsarin radar a cikin tsarin kera motoci na iya amfani da fasahar SiP don haɗa kayan aiki daban-daban da sauri.
4. Abubuwan Ci gaba na gaba na SoC da SiP
Hanyoyi a Ci gaban SoC:
SoC za ta ci gaba da samun bunkasuwa zuwa babban haɗin kai da haɗin kai iri-iri, mai yuwuwar haɗawa da ƙarin haɗin gwiwar na'urori masu sarrafa AI, na'urorin sadarwa na 5G, da sauran ayyuka, suna haɓaka haɓaka haɓakar na'urori masu hankali.
Hanyoyi a Ci gaban SiP:
SiP za ta ƙara dogara ga ci-gaba fasahar marufi, kamar 2.5D da 3D ci gaban marufi, don ƙunshe kunshin kwakwalwan kwamfuta tare da matakai daban-daban da ayyuka tare don biyan buƙatun kasuwa da ke canzawa cikin sauri.
5. Kammalawa
SoC ya fi kama da gina babban babban skyscraper mai aiki da yawa, yana mai da hankali ga duk kayan aikin aiki a cikin ƙira ɗaya, dacewa da aikace-aikace tare da manyan buƙatu don aiki, girma, da amfani da wutar lantarki. SiP, a gefe guda, yana kama da "marufi" nau'ikan kwakwalwan kwamfuta daban-daban a cikin tsarin, yana mai da hankali sosai kan sassauƙa da haɓaka cikin sauri, musamman dacewa da na'urorin lantarki masu amfani waɗanda ke buƙatar sabuntawa cikin sauri. Dukansu suna da ƙarfin su: SoC yana ƙarfafa tsarin aiki mafi kyau da haɓaka girma, yayin da SiP ya nuna sassaucin tsarin tsarin da inganta tsarin ci gaba.
Lokacin aikawa: Oktoba-28-2024