Yana ɗaukar matakai uku don shigar da giwa cikin firiji. Don haka ta yaya kuke shigar da tulin yashi cikin kwamfuta?
Tabbas, abin da muke magana a nan ba shine yashi a bakin teku ba, amma danyen yashi ne da ake yin guntuwa. "Yashin hakar ma'adinai don yin kwakwalwan kwamfuta" yana buƙatar tsari mai rikitarwa.
Mataki 1: Sami Raw Materials
Wajibi ne don zaɓar yashi mai dacewa azaman albarkatun ƙasa. Babban bangaren yashi na yau da kullun shine silicon dioxide (SiO₂), amma masana'anta na guntu suna da manyan buƙatu akan tsabtar silicon dioxide. Saboda haka, yashi ma'adini tare da mafi girman tsabta da ƙarancin ƙazanta ana zaɓa gabaɗaya.
Mataki na 2: Canji na albarkatun kasa
Don cire siliki mai tsafta daga yashi, yashi dole ne a haɗe shi da foda na magnesium, mai zafi a babban zafin jiki, kuma silicon dioxide ya rage zuwa siliki mai tsabta ta hanyar rage yawan sinadarai. Sannan ana kara tsarkake ta ta hanyar wasu hanyoyin sinadarai don samun siliki mai daraja ta lantarki tare da tsaftar har zuwa 99.9999999%.
Bayan haka, ana buƙatar yin siliki mai daraja ta lantarki ta zama silicon crystal guda ɗaya don tabbatar da amincin tsarin kristal ɗin na'ura. Ana yin haka ta hanyar dumama siliki mai tsafta zuwa yanayin narkakkar, saka kristal iri, sannan a juya a hankali a ja shi don samar da siliki guda ɗaya na siliki.
A ƙarshe, ana yanke ingot ɗin siliki guda ɗaya zuwa ƙwanƙolin sirara sosai ta amfani da abin gani na wayar lu'u-lu'u kuma ana goge wafers don tabbatar da ƙasa mai santsi da aibu.
Mataki na 3: Tsari Kerawa
Silicon wani maɓalli ne na masu sarrafa kwamfuta. Masu fasaha suna amfani da na'urorin fasaha na zamani kamar na'urorin daukar hoto don yin hotuna akai-akai da matakan da suka dace don samar da yadudduka na da'irori da na'urori akan wafern silicon, kamar "gina gida." Kowane wafer silicon na iya ɗaukar ɗaruruwan ko ma dubban kwakwalwan kwamfuta.
Fab ɗin daga nan ya aika da wafers ɗin da aka gama zuwa masana'antar da aka riga aka sarrafa, inda wani katako na lu'u-lu'u ya yanke wafern silicon zuwa dubunnan murabba'i mai girman ƙusa, kowannensu guntu ne. Sa'an nan, na'ura mai rarrabawa ya zaɓi ƙwararrun chips, daga ƙarshe kuma wata na'ura ta sanya su a kan reel ta aika da su zuwa marufi da gwaji.
Mataki na 4: Marufi na Ƙarshe
A wurin marufi da wurin gwaji, masu fasaha suna yin gwajin ƙarshe akan kowane guntu don tabbatar da cewa suna aiki sosai kuma suna shirye don amfani. Idan kwakwalwan kwamfuta sun ci jarabawar, ana ɗora su tsakanin ma'aunin zafi da na'ura don samar da cikakkiyar fakitin. Wannan yana kama da sanya "kati mai kariya" akan guntu; Kunshin na waje yana kare guntu daga lalacewa, zafi fiye da kima, da gurɓatawa. A cikin kwamfutar, wannan kunshin yana haifar da haɗin lantarki tsakanin guntu da allon kewayawa.
Haka nan, duk nau'ikan samfuran guntu waɗanda ke motsa duniyar fasaha an gama su!
ITEL DA KENAN
A yau, canza kayan da aka yi amfani da su zuwa abubuwa masu amfani ko masu daraja ta hanyar masana'antu wani muhimmin ci gaba ne na tattalin arzikin duniya. Samar da ƙarin kayayyaki tare da ƙarancin kayan aiki ko ƙarancin sa'o'in mutum da haɓaka ingantaccen aiki na iya ƙara ƙimar samfur. Yayin da kamfanoni ke samar da ƙarin samfura cikin sauri, riba a duk cikin sarkar kasuwanci ta ƙaru.
Manufacturing shi ne tushen Intel.
Intel yana yin kwakwalwan kwamfuta na semiconductor, kwakwalwan hoto, kwakwalwan kwamfuta na uwa, da sauran na'urorin kwamfuta. Kamar yadda masana'antar semiconductor ke zama mafi rikitarwa, Intel yana ɗaya daga cikin ƴan kamfanoni a duniya waɗanda zasu iya kammala ƙirar yanke-yanke da masana'anta a cikin gida.
Tun daga 1968, injiniyoyin Intel da masana kimiyya sun shawo kan ƙalubalen jiki na tattara ƙarin transistor zuwa ƙarami da ƙarami kwakwalwan kwamfuta. Cimma wannan buri yana buƙatar babbar ƙungiyar duniya, manyan kayan aikin masana'anta, da ingantaccen tsarin samar da kayayyaki.
Fasahar kera semiconductor na Intel tana haɓaka kowane ƴan shekaru. Kamar yadda dokar Moore ta annabta, kowane ƙarni na samfuran yana kawo ƙarin fasali da haɓaka aiki, yana haɓaka ƙarfin kuzari, kuma yana rage farashin transistor guda ɗaya. Intel yana da masana'antar wafer da yawa da wuraren gwajin marufi a duk duniya, waɗanda ke aiki a cikin hanyar sadarwa ta duniya mai sassauƙa.
Masana'antu DA RAI KULLUM
Kerawa yana da mahimmanci ga rayuwarmu ta yau da kullun. Abubuwan da muke taɓawa, dogara, jin daɗi da cinyewa kowace rana suna buƙatar masana'anta.
A taƙaice, ba tare da mai da ɗanyen kayan aiki zuwa abubuwa masu sarƙaƙƙiya ba, ba za a sami na’urorin lantarki, na’urori, ababen hawa, da sauran kayayyaki waɗanda ke sa rayuwa ta fi dacewa da aminci, da kuma dacewa ba.
Lokacin aikawa: Fabrairu-03-2025